PHARMACY ZONE

Parenteral Dosage Forms in Medicine: A Scholarly Exploration Parenteral dosage forms are essential in the field of pharmaceuticals and medical practice. As a healthcare professional, it's crucial to have a thorough understanding of these intricate formulations. Parenteral dosage forms are used when oral administration is not feasible, effective, or when immediate therapeutic action is necessary. This article will explore the classification, characteristics, clinical applications, and the importance of proper administration techniques and medication safety associated with parenteral dosage forms. Understanding Parenteral Dosage Forms Parenteral dosage forms are pharmaceutical formulations designed for direct introduction into the human body, bypassing the complexities of the gastrointestinal tract. This mode of drug administration is vital when a rapid onset of action, precise dosing, or avoidance of digestive enzyme interference is required. Common parenteral routes include intrav...

Drug discovery involves series of steps that are needed for launching a new drug in the market. Generally following basic steps are involved in discovery of new chemical moiety and launching it as drug in the market. STEP 1: DRUG Discovery Typically, researchers discover new drugs through: New insights into a disease process that allow researchers to design a product to stop or reverse the effects of the disease Many tests of molecular compounds to find possible beneficial effects against any of a large number of diseases Existing treatments that have unanticipated effects New technologies, such as those that provide new ways to target medical products to specific sites within the body or to manipulate genetic material At this stage in the process, thousands of compounds may be  potential candidates for development as a medical treatment. After early testing, however, only a small number of compounds look promising and call for further stud...

In order for an active pharmaceutical ingredient to be  bioavailable , it has to be dissolved. Thus, solubility and dissolution measurements are  necessary requirements to estimate the drugs bioavailability: . In theory, the  intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR)  is proportional to the solubility of the compound – i.e. in many cases a very good estimate of IDR can be obtained directly from a solubility measurement: Low solubility = low IDR and vice versa.  It also implies that the  dissolution rate  is proportional to the solubility (but here the particle size/the surface area of the particles should also be taken into account). However, in some cases the liberation af molecules from the surface into water is not ideal – and the dissolution rate will be lower or higher than theoretically calculated. Thus, in order to determine whether your compound behaves ”ideal”, a measurement of IDR is neccessary. Click here for learning more about th...

Having Trouble with the pharmacokinetic calculation is common issue . So this small video note tutorial will be helping you to give you a quick ease glance to these calculations with all important formulas.

Are you having trouble with the pharmacokinetics problems?  Here is a short tutorial for clearing your doubts and ease methods and short notes for pharmacokinetics problems.

Bioassay is defined as the estimation of the potency of an active principle in a unit quantity of preparation or detection and measurement of the concentration of the substance in a preparation using biological methods (i.e. observation of pharmacological effects on living tissues, microorganisms or immune cells or animal). Hence micro bioassay, radioimmunoassay are also regarded as `bioassay'. Recently `biotechnology' has also been considered for bioassay. Bioassay of the products like erythropoietin, hepatitis- B vaccine etc. is being done through biotechnology. Importance of Bioassay Bioassays, as compared to other methods of assays (e.g. chemical or physical assay) are less accurate, less elaborate, more laborious, more troublesome and more expensive. However, bioassay is the only method of assay if

A fundamental role of formulation scientists is to convert candidate drugs into drug products. To achieve this goal, it is important to have a thorough understanding of a drug’s pharmaceutical properties. The objective of this course is to provide fundamentals of the preformulation studies and how the physicochemical, physicomechanical, and biopharmaceutical properties data generated during these studies can impact: Candidate selection Formulation design Choice of drug delivery technology Drug product manufacturing process Pharmacokinetic/biopharmaceutical properties of the resulting product Stability of the drug substance and drug product. Choice of the analytical techniques Packaging of the product LEARN MORE THROUGH THIS TUTORIAL:  https://youtu.be/q_7UxEHTE6g Original source:  http://www.aaps.org/PF101/